Morphine Patch: Used for Chronic & Severe Pain

Morphine is an opioid painkiller typically sold as capsules, tablets or injections.[8] No true “morphine patch” that delivers the drug through the skin has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but patches containing other opioids like fentanyl are often used to help people with severe pain caused by conditions like cancer.[9]

Researchers have been examining the efficacy of topical morphine. While their work suggests the medication can be helpful, they acknowledge it’s not recommended for everyday practice. Doctors would have to make their own patches, as no drug companies are making them.[10]

What Is the Morphine Patch?

Transdermal opioid patches are designed to deliver medication through the skin.[9] Patients who use these products have severe pain from conditions like cancer, and they need around-the-clock care. They can wear multiple patches at once, as needed, to provide pain control, and they swap out the products every 72 hours.[9]

The FDA hasn’t approved any transdermal patches that contain morphine. Researchers say it could be helpful in treating patients with pain, but few studies have demonstrated its efficacy over other opioids like fentanyl.[10]

Doctors could create their own morphine patches with sponges, and some researchers have done so.[1] However, little research is available to guide doctors, and no patches seem to be in development at this time.

While the use of morphine patches isn’t widespread and could still be said to largely be in the “research” phase, transdermal buprenorphine and fentanyl patches (two other opioids) are used for various medical purposes.[2]

Morphine Patch for Chronic & Severe Pain

Morphine is a powerful painkiller that is used to manage severe pain caused by injury, surgery or chronic medical conditions such as cancer.[3] It works by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord, which helps to reduce the perception of pain.

An accepted transdermal version of morphine could be a helpful development for several reasons. Transdermal delivery means that the drug is given through the skin rather than taken orally. Pain medications like this usually take the form of a patch or cream. 

For those seeking a more effective and efficient method of drug delivery than traditional oral or injection-based methods, transdermal administration can release medication steadily over time, providing consistent pain relief without additional dosing.[4] Furthermore, delivering morphine through the skin allows it to bypass the digestive system entirely while still accessing the bloodstream directly. This ensures maximum efficacy while minimizing concerns about absorption interference caused by digestion.

For patients struggling with severe discomfort who do not respond well to other methods of administration or who require long-term care solutions for chronic conditions, such as cancer pain or postoperative recovery, transdermal morphine may present a valuable alternative treatment option in terms of convenience and compliance. 

It is important for healthcare professionals to note that while this form of medication delivery can improve patient outcomes compared to existing methods due to its ease of use and comfort, there are also risks involved regarding addiction concerns with prolonged exposure to opioids, putting aside that this treatment option still needs more research overall. A morphine patch doesn’t eliminate the misuse and addiction risk of morphine.

What Are the Side Effects?

The most common side effects of morphine include the following:

• Constipation: Morphine can slow down the digestive system, leading to constipation and other gastrointestinal issues.
• Nausea and vomiting: Morphine can stimulate the area of the brain that controls nausea and vomiting.
• Dizziness and lightheadedness: Morphine can cause dizziness and lightheadedness, which can increase the risk of falls and other accidents.
• Drowsiness: Morphine can make people feel drowsy or sleepy, which can interfere with daily activities and increase the potential for accidents.
• Confusion: In some cases, morphine can cause confusion, especially in older adults.
• Respiratory depression: Morphine can suppress breathing, especially if taken in high doses or if combined with other medications that also suppress breathing. This can be life-threatening in severe cases.
• Itching or rash: Morphine can cause itchiness or a rash in some people.
• Reduced blood pressure: Morphine can cause a drop in blood pressure, which can lead to dizziness or fainting.
• Sexual dysfunction: Morphine can cause sexual dysfunction in some people, including decreased libido and difficulty achieving orgasm.
• Addiction and dependence: Morphine can be highly addictive and can lead to physical dependence, especially with long-term use. With repeated misuse, an opioid use disorder (OUD) will form.

It’s important to note that not everyone will experience these side effects, and some people may experience other, less common side effects. Only use morphine as directed by a healthcare professional and report any side effects to a healthcare provider immediately.

While morphine patches don’t exist, research conducted on other types of opioid patches suggests that this format comes with unique risks. If you’re using any kind of skin-based opioid, be aware that you could face the following issues:[12]

• Unusual absorption: Since patches deliver drugs through the skin, they could be absorbed more quickly or strongly than intended, especially following strenuous exertion, and raise your temperature inadvertently. Your doctor should be informed if you develop a fever or feel sedated after a workout. You should also avoid exposing your patch to heating pads or tanning lamps.
• Skin problems: Some people develop rashes or other problems where the patches were administered.
• Accidental exposure: Patches can slide off your body and onto someone else while you’re hugging them, and sometimes, they come off in bedding people share with others. These slips can lead to life-threatening overdoses in people unaccustomed to opioids.

How to Use Opioid Patches Safely

True morphine patches don’t exist, but your doctor may offer a different opioid patch for your pain. Before you use it for the first time, ensure that you understand what it is, how it works and how your doctor wants you to use it.

Most people who use opioid patches follow instructions like these:[9]

1. Pick an area of intact and healthy skin. Typically, patches work best on the chest, back and arms.
2. If the area you’ve chosen is covered with hair, shave it to ensure the medication makes direct contact with your skin.
3. Clean the area with water, and allow it to dry. Don’t put moisturizer or anything oily on the spot.
4. Open the patch package, and apply it to your skin.
5. If your doctor tells you to, apply more than one patch, but don’t let them overlap.
6. After 72 hours, remove the patch and choose a new spot for the replacement version.

Your old fentanyl patches may still be strong enough to harm someone else. The FDA recommends folding old patches in half with the sticky sides together and flushing them down the toilet.[11]

Are Morphine Patches Safe?

Morphine is dangerous if misused, even in patch form. Morphine is an opioid, and opioids work by latching onto opioid receptors present in both the brain and spinal cord. This then triggers pain relief coupled with feelings of euphoria that give drugs like morphine significant misuse and addiction potential.

After a period of continued use, including if only using it as prescribed, morphine can cause physical dependence. If use stops, withdrawal symptoms will occur, such as anxiety, insomnia, muscle aches and profuse sweating.[5] 

Like other potent opioids, morphine has a high potential for overdose if misused. Overdose can have a variety of consequences, ranging from coma to respiratory failure to cardiac arrest. The chances of overdose increase substantially when using doses that are larger than what was prescribed. 

Overdosing accidentally while trying to use a drug as prescribed is arguably more difficult with a patch, as a person would generally just need to apply a patch on a set schedule and otherwise not pay close attention to their dosing. It is still easy to overdose if one is misusing their patches. For example, fentanyl patches are often misused by people using multiple patches at once or scraping off the medication to then inject it.[6]

Combining morphine, including in patch form, with other drugs can also increase overdose risk. People with underlying medical conditions that affect either breathing or liver function are at a higher risk of displaying more pronounced overdose symptoms. Opioid overdose can easily lead to death if medical care is not promptly provided.[7] 

It is critical to act quickly if there are any suspicions of a morphine overdose. Emergency medical attention could mean the difference between life and death. 

The course of treatment for opioid overdose usually includes administering naloxone (brand name: Narcan), known for its capacity to reverse opioid effects, alongside supportive measures intended to stabilize vital signs and respiration. If you believe someone is overdosing on an opioid, whether in patch form or any other form, call 911 immediately.